a) These are vocal concepts from the Nat 5 and Higher grids.
There will be probably be a question specifically on vocal music and some of these terms will definitely crop up as possible answers - or terms you could use - elsewhere.
Spend some time with them and make sure you understand each concept.
Check the ourcloud resources for further examples of the terms.
obbligato
descant
oratorio
a cappella
coloratura
aria
plainchant
da capo aria
recitative
lied
melismatic
syllabic
strophic
through composed
and types of voice - soprano, mezzo soprano, alto, tenor, baritone, bass.
b) Here are some terms which describe techniques used by instruments. You may have to identify these in multiple choice questions, or sometimes in a fill in the blanks-type question they will ask for the Italian term which describes how an instrument is being played.
Make sure you know what they all mean, especially pizzicato, arco, tremolando, staccato, legato, con sordino (comes up a lot), glissando, harmonics (comes up a lot), pitch bend.
Definitions here.
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